VIRAL FEARS
First outbreak of highly infectious polio detected in UK since 1984 – the 6 signs to know
POLIO is spreading in the UK for the first time in decades, officials claim.
Health bosses urged Brits to check their children's jabs are up to date after picking up signs of the virus being passed between individuals.
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Experts have detected the same bug in London sewage samples since April – a clear signal of a community outbreak.
No cases have yet been confirmed in the UK and the said samples were found in East and North London.
This, chiefs say 'suggests it is likely there has been some spread between closely-linked individuals'.
Because of this, they said these cases could be shedding the virus strain in their faeces.
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Investigations are currently ongoing and there have not yet been any cases of paralysis reported.
Head of the vaccine epidemiology research group at Imperial College London, Prof Nicholas Grassly said there is concern that the virus may be circulating locally in London and could spread more widely.
Medics today said that the emergence of polio in the UK reminds us that it has not yet been eradicated.
The last case of polio being contracted in Britain was in 1984 and the country was declared polio-free in 2003.
Before a vaccine was introduced in the 1950s, epidemics would result in thousands of people being paralysed annually and hundreds of deaths.
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UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) experts believe a traveller – likely from Pakistan, Afghanistan or Nigeria - shed the virus in their stools after being given the oral polio inoculation.
But the bug has now spread to others after mutating, with the same strain being repeatedly detected in sewage samples since May.
Health bosses have now launched an urgent investigation to pin-point the source and boost vaccination in affected areas.
What are the 6 signs of polio you need to know
The majority of people who get infected with poliovirus will not have any visible symptoms.
About one in four people with poliovirus infection will have flu-like symptoms that may include:
- Sore throat
- Fever
- Tiredness
- Nausea
- Headache
- Stomach pain
Symptoms usually last anywhere between two to 10 days before they go away on their own.
In very rare cases, polio can cause difficulty using your muscles, usually in the legs.
This is not usually permanent and movement should slowly return over the next few weeks or months.
Despite clear evidence of an outbreak, no cases have yet come forward.
And officials insist the overall risk to the public remains very low.
Dr Vanessa Saliba, Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA said: “Vaccine-derived poliovirus is rare and the risk to the public overall is extremely low.
“Vaccine-derived poliovirus has the potential to spread, particularly in communities where vaccine uptake is lower.
“On rare occasions it can cause paralysis in people who are not fully vaccinated so if you or your child are not up to date with your polio vaccinations it’s important you contact your GP to catch up or if unsure check your red book.”
Polio is an infectious disease that can spread from person to person and most commonly affects children under the age of five.
The disease attacks the nervous system and in some extreme cases can lead to paralysis.
The history of polio - everything you need to know
Polio is a condition that mainly affects children under the age of five.
Data from previous outbreaks shows that one in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis.
Of those five to ten per cent die.
Some of the first evidence of polio comes from Ancient Egypt.
A tablet from a stone carving in 1403-1365 BC showed a priest with characteristics of polio.
1798: It was given its first clinical description by the British physician Michael Underwood
1840: Was recognised as a condition by Jakob Heine
1840 - 1900: In the UK polio was a major health crisis in the Victorian England and there were also major incidents in Europe.
1916: New York experienced the first large epidemic, there were more than 9,000 cases and 2,343 deaths.
1928: Philip Drinker and Louie Shaw develop the 'iron lung' technology to help have children ravaged by the condition. Kids would spend two weeks in the device, which has today been made redundant by vaccinations.
1950: The illness wreaked havoc in the UK at this time. The country was rocked by a series of polio epidemics, with as many as 8,000 people suffering paralytic poliomyelitis.
1952: US saw over 57,000 cases. It was also in 1952 that Dr Jonas Salk started to develop a vaccine.
1953: Cases started to fall as jabs were rolled out.
1961: The oral polio vaccine was rolled out. Despite the advances, at this time there were still 79 deaths in the UK and 707 acute cases.
1962: Brits started to use the oral vaccine.
1988: Polio had disappeared from the UK, US and much of Europe but was still around in more than 125 counties.
1994: World Health Organization Americas region is certified polio free
1997: Last wild cases in the Western Pacific region are recorded
2002: Europe is certified polio-free
2011: China returned to its polio-free status
2012: At this point, polio is still endemic in Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan and India.
2013: Outbreak in Syria
2015: Polio endemic in Pakistan and Afghanistan
2016: Case of polio in Nigeria
2020: Type 1 was only in circulation in Pakistan and Afghanistan, while type 2 and 3 have been eliminated for over a decade.
2021: Five cases of polio globally
February 2022: First case of polio detected in Africa in five years, leaving a three-year-old girl in Malawi paralysed
Polio is very contagious, and a person can transmit it even when they aren't sick.
In the UK, the polio vaccine is part of the NHS routine childhood vaccination schedule.
It's given as a jab when a child is 8, 12 and 16 weeks old. And two further shots are administered at 3 years and 4 months old, and at 14 years old.
However, one in ten kids in London aged five are not fully vaccinated against the bug.
Polio epidemics did not start until the end of the 19th century - but the illness was around long before that.
It ravaged children in Victorian Britain, causing them spinal injuries.
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Jane Clegg, Chief nurse for the NHS in London, said: “The majority of Londoners are fully protected against Polio and won’t need to take any further action, but the NHS will begin reaching out to parents of children aged under five in London who are not up-to-date with their Polio vaccinations to invite them to get protected.
“Meanwhile, parents can also check their child’s vaccination status in their Red Book and people should contact their GP Practice to book a vaccination should they or their child not be fully up-to-date.”
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