Who was Mark Duggan and when was he shot?
THE fatal shooting of Mark Duggan by police led to some of the worst riots in England's recent history.
An inquest into his death in 2011 cleared armed officers of any wrongdoing, sparking outrage with his family and campaigners who continue to accuse the police of racism.
Who was Mark Duggan?
The 29-year-old was born in Tottenham, North London, in 1981 to mother Pamela and his late father Bruno, and has a younger brother named Marlon.
He went to live with his aunt Carole in Manchester, where his mother originates from, when he was 12 when his behaviour in school began to deteriorate, before he returned to Tottenham when he was 17.
Mr Duggan went on to father six children - the youngest was reportedly born after his death.
He was reportedly believed to have become involved in gangs and drugs - an accusation denied by his family.
Det Ch Insp Mick Foote, from the Met Police's gang crime unit Trident, said Mr Duggan was a "confrontational and violent" member of Tottenham Man Dem.
His late uncle was gangland boss Desmond “Dessie” Noonan, whose feared crime family have run Manchester’s underworld for 20 years, and once hinted he was responsible for 27 murders.
Why was Mark Duggan shot?
Mark Duggan was killed by police officers on 4 August 2011 - this week it will be the 10th anniversary of the riots.
On the day of his death police stated they were trying to arrest him after intelligence suggested he was planning to collect a gun from a man called Kevin Hutchinson-Foster in east London.
Did he have a gun?
The officers from the CO19 firearms unit had trailed him while he travelled in a minicab to Leyton, east London, where he collected a gun before resuming his journey.
Mr Duggan was pronounced dead at 6.41pm, and police say they located a firearm on a grass area less than 5 metres from his body.
Eleven officers continued to follow him before the ‘hard stop’ during which he was shot twice and died from his wounds. The illegal firearm was later found 4.35 metres away from his dead body and 7m from where he was shot, over a fence.
An inquest jury in 2014 found the shooting to be lawful. However, it concluded Duggan did not have a weapon in his hands when confronted by police and had thrown it from the cab.
In 2015, the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) found no case to answer for any officer involved.
It was later suggested that he was a "well known gangster" and police saw him as a "major player", the reported at the time.
Surveillance officers followed a taxi, in which he was a passenger, back to Tottenham before several unmarked police cars stop the vehicle.
The firearms officer told the inspector he had fired several shots after "seeing Mr Duggan raise a 'gun-shaped item in a sock' in his direction".
An inquest jury decided in January 2014 that Mr Duggan had been lawfully killed, after ruling that he did not have a gun when he was shot but that it was more likely than not that he had thrown a gun on to some nearby grass shortly before.
Mr Duggan's family reacted with fury at the ruling and vowed to "get justice" for him.
His funeral took place on September 9, 2011, at New Testament Church of God in Wood Green, North London, with a 1,000-strong congregation, with mourners who couldn't fit inside standing on the pavement.
Why did people start rioting?
News of the fatal shooting of Mark Duggan spread quickly and outrage at the killing triggered riots across the country.
Two days after his death, Mr Duggan's relatives marched from the Broadwater Farm estate where they lived to Tottenham police station, chanting "we want answers".
Tensions quickly began to escalate, with two members of the waiting crowd attacking police cars and setting them on fire.
Rioting then spread to other parts of London, in which shops were looted, buildings set alight and stand-offs with police.
Other parts of the country, including Birmingham, Bristol and Manchester, followed suit in subsequent days, with some citing issues with police, poverty and racial tensions as motivations.
Then Prime Minister David Cameron denied the riots were linked to Mr Duggan's death and condemned the violence as an "excuse by opportunist thugs in gangs".
Speaking in parliament at the time, Mr Cameron said: "It is simply preposterous for anyone to suggest that people looting in Tottenham at the weekend, still less three days later Salford, were in any way doing so because of the death of Mark Duggan.
"The young people stealing flat screen televisions and burning shops that was not about politics or protest, it was about theft."
What has happened since his death?
Protests have continued to take place in the years after his death, with more than 300 people marching on the fifth anniversary in 2016.
Demonstrators could be heard shouting "murderers" and “no justice, no peace” through the streets of London.
The demonstrators said there was no sign of institutional racism changing in the Metropolitan Police.
Tottenham Rights campaigner Stafford Scott told the crowd that instead of being in a “post-racial society”, it is one in which racism is still “creeping” in.
Members of the Justice for Mark Duggan campaign walked from Broadwater Farm estate, where he lived, to Tottenham police station, where a vigil was held.
